Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by the University of California for the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) of the U.S. Department of Energy and works in partnership with NNSA's Sandia and Lawrence Livermore national laboratories to support NNSA in its mission. Los Alamos develops and applies science and technology to ensure the safety and reliability of the U.S. nuclear deterrent; reduce the threat of weapons of mass destruction, proliferation and terrorism; and solve national problems in defense, energy, environment and infrastructure.
LOS ALAMOS, N.M., Aug. 27, 2003 - Scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory and emergency first-responders from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have developed airborne infrared sensor technology that can aid emergency crews by detecting and mapping hazardous and toxic chemical plumes unleashed by disaster or terrorist acts.
The Airborne Spectral Photometric Collection Technology, known as ASPECT, is a high-tech sensor package on board a small aircraft operated by the EPA that allows for timely surveillance of gaseous chemical releases from a safe distance. ASPECT gives emergency first responders on the ground critical information regarding the size, shape, composition and concentration of gas plumes emanating from disaster scenarios such as a derailed train, a factory explosion or a terrorist attack.
ASPECT is the result of more than five years of research and development by researchers within Los Alamos' Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Group and the EPA. The project has been supported by the Laboratory's recently created Center for Homeland Security, which focuses on providing technical support to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and collaborating agencies.
"Protecting the homeland against terrorist threats is a great challenge that will require development and application of such dual-use capabilities as the EPA ASPECT system," said Gary Resnick, associate Center for Homeland Security director for Chemical and Biological Threat reduction.
ASPECT takes advantage of two sensors mounted aboard an Aerocommander 680 aircraft operated by an EPA disaster first-responder crew. The first sensor, called a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, detects and locates chemical vapors. It can peer through smoke and dust to get an accurate measurement of the location and concentration of the vapor plume. The second sensor, a high-resolution Infrared Line Scanner, records an image of the ground below and plume information as well. Information from both instruments is combined with high-resolution digital imagery and Global Positioning System information to create an accurate map of the land surface and the chemical vapor plume hazard. ASPECT can show the main plume as well as places where gas has collected and settled, such as in low-lying areas or locations where there is little or no air movement. It takes only minutes to produce an image. The vapor hazard plume map then can be transmitted to emergency response commanderson the ground - usually the local fire chief or emergency manager - by fax, computer or other means. In areas where emergency responders lack computer equipment, ASPECT will drop a working computer via parachute to emergency responders before the plane starts taking measurements. . . .
The system has been rigorously tested under stringent real-world conditions and performed admirably. ASPECT also proved its usefulness in public by patrolling the skies over Salt Lake City during the 2002 Winter Olympics on the lookout for potential terrorist attacks. . . .
An ASPECT system can cover a multistate area, thus reducing the amount of resources needed for an emergency response.
(Originally published 29 August 2003 by Science Daily.)
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